Several of these were enacted into law later that year, including the authorization of research and demonstration grants in child welfare. Advisory Board on Child Abuse and Neglect, established under the 1988 amendments to CAPTA, published its first report in 1990.
A 1976 study by the Association on American Indian Affairs showed that 25 to 35 percent of Indian children were being removed from their homes by State courts and welfare agencies. AP Images)During the 1980s, growing numbers of infants ended up as “boarder babies”—remaining in hospitals beyond the period of medical necessity—because they were born exposed to drugs or HIV and their parents could not care for them. During the chaotic period that followed, thousands of children and families in the child welfare system were displaced, and access to critical services and records was lost. Its primary directives are to help prevent child abuse and neglect and conduct interventions when abuse and neglect do occur. It also noted that 163,000 babies died in 1928, a vast improvement from the 300,000 estimated infant deaths in 1912.Image from materials distributed to delegates at the third White House Conference on Children, 1930. White House Photographs.
The Children’s Bureau, Inc. Board of Directors today announced that Tina Cloer has been named as its new President and CEO. Aimed at providing needed care and boosting soldier morale, the program was at that time the largest public medical program ever undertaken in the United States.
(Library of Congress, LC-DIG-fsa-8e09017)By 1940, the infant mortality rate in the Continental United States had been reduced to 47 deaths per 1,000 live births—less than half the estimated rate (1 in 10) that the Children’s Bureau faced when it began its work in 1912.Poverty and equal opportunity were among the topics discussed at the fourth White House Conference on Children in 1940. (Child Welfare Information Gateway)In 1979, the National Center on Child Abuse and Neglect launched a new series of resources regarding the prevention, identification, and treatment of child abuse and neglect. The Federal Government appropriated millions of dollars to assist them.
The final law called on the new agency to “investigate and report… upon all matters pertaining to the welfare of children and child life among all classes of our people.” In particular, the Bureau was charged with looking at infant mortality, the birth rate, orphanages, juvenile courts, dangerous occupations, accidents and diseases of children, and employment.Julia Lathrop, the first Chief of the Children’s Bureau. (National Archives)The United States entered the conflict in Korea in June of 1950; when U.S. forces withdrew 3 years later, thousands of children orphaned by the conflict were left behind. More than 60 percent of those children were at least 10 years old, 47 percent were African-American, and 20 percent were siblings adopted together. Also during this time, Bureau staff investigated issues such as the plight of older youth, the effects of reduced family income in certain industries, and the Depression’s impact on child labor practices.Katharine Lenroot on her 25th anniversary with the Children’s Bureau (Library of Congress, LC-DIG-hec-27884)Katharine Lenroot became the third Children’s Bureau Chief in 1934, and was also the first U.S. representative to the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), which she helped establish in 1946. Today CAPTA, most recently reauthorized in 2010, continues to provide minimum standards for child maltreatment definitions and support States’ prevention and intervention efforts.President Ford carries a Vietnamese baby from "Clipper 1742," one of the planes that transported South Vietnamese orphans from Saigon to the United States (April 5, 1975).
Additional grants were authorized by later legislation, including the Juvenile Delinquency Prevention and Control Act of 1968. This groundbreaking law reflected a new Federal emphasis on permanence for children.
Staff visited mothers of infants to educate them about preventive measures such as sunbaths and cod liver oil. (National Archives and Records Administration, 29-C-1B-15)This new decade saw an improved infant mortality rate of 64.6 per 1,000 infants. (Maternal and Child Health Library)On June 24, 1987, Federal leaders and children’s advocates gathered at Children’s Hospital National Medical Center in Washington, DC, to celebrate the Bureau’s 75th anniversary. Child Welfare Information Gateway consolidated and expanded on the Bureau’s two federally mandated clearinghouses—the National Clearinghouse on Child Abuse and Neglect Information and the National Adoption Information Clearinghouse—which had formerly represented different aspects of the child welfare system.The Fostering Connections to Success and Increasing Adoptions Act enabled federally recognized Indian Tribes to directly operate title IV-E programs for the first time.
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