Similarly, demand for further research on possible connections of individual and collective intelligence exists within plenty of other potentially transferable logics of individual intelligence, such as, for instance, the development over time[90] or the question of improving intelligence. 2021 - Explorez le tableau « Collective Intelligence » de Olivier Zara, auquel 487 utilisateurs de Pinterest sont abonnés. Trouvé à l'intérieurLe travers de l'intelligence collective, c'est de nous enfermer dans nos croyances et le conformisme qui nous en rendent esclaves. Inquiétons-nous de la citation du romancier Goethe « Nul n'est plus esclave que celui qui se croit libre ... The great majority of debate about artificial intelligence (AI) starts with the capabilities of existing or emergent technologies—machine learning, deep learning, computer vision, natural language processing and so on—and then asks where these might be used. It not only includes traditional topics, such as the nature, measurement, and development of intelligence, but also contemporary research into intelligence and video games, collective intelligence, emotional intelligence, and leadership intelligence. [151], The UNU open platform for "human swarming" (or "social swarming") establishes real-time closed-loop systems around groups of networked users molded after biological swarms, enabling human participants to behave as a unified collective intelligence. [69][70] Based on natural process of Swarm Intelligence, these artificial swarms of networked humans enable participants to work together in parallel to answer questions and make predictions as an emergent collective intelligence. The Wall-it Project is also an example of social bookmarking. But after removing the loading charge (up-front fee) only 72 underperformed while after removing brokerage costs only 58 underperformed. Harnessing collective intelligence. ». [44] (2014) replicated Woolley et al. V24: 3-1-9. Trouvé à l'intérieur – Page 56... puisque les processus d'intelligence collective qui privilégient le spécifique et l'éphémère se situent à l'opposé de ces ... Comme l'indiquait la citation de Popper au début de ce chapitre, un changement dans la capacité de prendre ... [31] Later he showed how the collective intelligences of competing bacterial colonies and human societies can be explained in terms of computer-generated "complex adaptive systems" and the "genetic algorithms", concepts pioneered by John Holland. the game theory and engineering communities. Games such as The Sims Series, and Second Life are designed to be non-linear and to depend on collective intelligence for expansion. Social sensitivity was measured by the “Reading the Mind in the Eyes” test, which measures how well one can make inferences about what others are thinking or feeling simply by looking at the eyes. Collective intelligence has drawn many scientists' attention in many centuries. Trouvé à l'intérieur – Page 59l'intelligence. collective. : comprendre. l'homme. dans. sa. diversité. Pour ne pas s'égarer, et dès lors qu'un seul mot ... Cette citation d'André Gide est très intéressante pour notre sujet, puisqu'elle mentionne l'existence d'une ... [111] Prospective applications are optimization of companies through the maximization of their IQS, and the analysis of drug resistance against collective intelligence of bacterial colonies. Trouvé à l'intérieur – Page 256Burkina Faso, open architecture project in, 46–48 Bush, Vannevar, 217, 218 business: data-driven intelligence for, 112; ... 113–14 chiropractic, 165–67 Christian suppression of early science, 158 citation-measurement-reward cycle, ... This entry about Collective Intelligence has been published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 (CC BY 3.0) licence, which permits unrestricted use and reproduction, provided the author or authors of the Collective Intelligence entry and the Encyclopedia of Law are in each case credited as the source of the Collective . Bill Joy, simply wish to avoid any form of autonomous artificial intelligence and seem willing to work on rigorous collective intelligence in order to remove any possible niche for AI.[179]. This paper describes how Swarm AI, a novel collaborative intelligence technology modeled on the decision-making process of honey bee swarms, enables networked human groups to more effectively leverage their combined insights. Collective intelligence involves the . Citation Styles & Tools Quick MLA, APA, and Chicago style guides for bibliographies; tools for storing and organizing sources. The advent of the age of Information shifts the environment we live in from off-line to on-line. He mentioned Howard Rheingold's 2002 session on Smart Mobs as an example.. Downloadable! [79] This is another potential parallel to individual intelligence where more intelligent people are found to acquire new material quicker.[14][85]. Collective intelligence is defined as the ability of a group to solve more problems than its individual members. The research method of this study includes multiple regression analysis, including (1) the effect of collective intelligence on open innovation (i.e., the number of citations), (2) the effect of the amount of knowledge (i.e., the number of references) on open innovation and (3) the moderating effect of the amount of knowledge (i.e., the number . Collective intelligence has also been attributed to bacteria and animals.[2]. This literature review focuses on collective intelligence in humans. It is the first Java-based book to emphasize the underlying algorithms and technical implementation of vital data gathering and mining techniques like analyzing trends, discovering relationships, and making predictions. [32], David Skrbina[33] cites the concept of a 'group mind' as being derived from Plato's concept of panpsychism (that mind or consciousness is omnipresent and exists in all matter). 's findings applying an accelerated battery of tasks with a first factor in the factor analysis explaining 49% of the between-group variance in performance with the following factors explaining less than half of this amount. It may involve consensus, social capital and formalisms such as voting systems, social media and other means of quantifying mass activity. [176][177] These theorists are more likely to refer to ecological and collective wisdom and to the role of consensus process in making ontological distinctions than to any form of "intelligence" as such, which they often argue does not exist, or is mere "cleverness". [73][74] When working together as "human swarms," the groups of experienced radiologists demonstrated a 33% reduction in diagnostic errors as compared to traditional methods. What is distinctive about the study of . Harry Halpin, Valentin Robu, Hana Shepherd, Valentin Robu, Harry Halpin, Hana Shepherd. [7][8] A broader definition was provided by Geoff Mulgan in a series of lectures and reports from 2006 onwards [9] and in the book Big Mind [10] which proposed a framework for analysing any thinking system, including both human and machine intelligence, in terms of functional elements (observation, prediction, creativity, judgement etc. 's results, neither team cohesion nor motivation or satisfaction is correlated with c. However, they claim that three factors were found as significant correlates: the variance in the number of speaking turns, group members' average social sensitivity and the proportion of females. [45] Moreover, social sensitivity was found to be, at least temporarily, improvable by reading literary fiction[93] as well as watching drama movies. [40] Groupthink often hampers collective intelligence by limiting input to a select few individuals or filtering potential Golden Suggestions without fully developing them to implementation. [152][153] When connected to UNU, groups of distributed users collectively answer questions and make predictions in real-time. Like individual general intelligence, group collective intelligence is important for predicting the group's future performance. These key lessons may be applicable to other provider-facing decision support platforms. [66] In modern times, mass communication, mass media, and networking technologies have enabled collective intelligence to span massive groups, distributed across continents and time-zones. There are two ways for collective intelligence; collective computational intelligence and collective social intelligence. Trouvé à l'intérieur – Page 72Du talent individuel à l'intelligence collective Bernadette Lecerf-Thomas ... Il introduit son ouvrage Qui est «je» ?1 par une citation de Nietzsche : « Deviens qui tu es! Fais ce que toi seul peux faire. » Françoise Bernard et renée ... [52] It is one of the most widely accepted and well-validated tests for ToM within adults. News from the life sciencesHow does human life begin, which processes influence the human gut microbiome, and what do researchers know about the Luckin, R., Shurville, S. and Browne, T. (2007), '. [132], In this context collective intelligence is often confused with shared knowledge. In the 192 groups of varying sizes, authors tested the hypothesis that group collective intelligence—or the idea that a group’s aptitude for performing one task is correlated with its ability to successfully navigate other tasks—would be present. Criterion tasks were playing checkers (draughts) against a standardized computer in the first and a complex architectural design task in the second study. In short, collective intelligence exists, and is largely determined by group composition and group dynamics. [71] In one high-profile example, a human swarm challenge by CBS Interactive to predict the Kentucky Derby. For this model of collective intelligence, the formal definition of IQS (IQ Social) was proposed and was defined as "the probability function over the time and domain of N-element inferences which are reflecting inference activity of the social structure". The swarm correctly predicted the first four horses, in order, defying 542–1 odds and turning a $20 bet into $10,800. Note in all these examples of collective nouns singular and plural, the collector of something or someone changes from singular to plural.This changes the verb form used. Collective actions or tasks require different amounts of coordination depending on the complexity of the task. [41], According to Don Tapscott and Anthony D. Williams, collective intelligence is mass collaboration. La citation la plus célèbre sur « intelligence collective » est : « Le travail individuel permet de gagner un match mais c'est l'esprit d'équipe et l'intelligence collective qui permet de gagner la coupe du monde. Abstract In this paper we provide a foundation for a new generation of services and tools. Collective Intelligence Systems (CIS) enable IT-mediated collective intelligence [2] and belong to the family of sociotechnical systems. [62] An example of such top-down processes is conversational turn-taking. Although often aided by sophisticated technologies, these people ultimately rely on their own intellect to identify, synthesize, and communicate the information on which the nation's security depends. In engineering, aggregating many engineering decisions allows for identifying typical good designs. Trouvé à l'intérieur – Page 12... est devenu en quelques années le système nerveux de nos sociétés, mais ce n'est pas une intelligence collective. ... CITATION « A tout moment, où que nous soyons, le Net nous offre une masse confuse incroyablement séduisante. Organizations are multiplying the opportunities of creating collective intelligence at the service of innovation. ", "A Review of the Influence of Group Goals on Group Performance", "About Collective IQ - Doug Engelbart Institute", "Centre for Collective Intelligence Design", "What Google Learned From Its Quest to Build the Perfect Team", "Interactive audiences? Global collective intelligence is seen as the key in solving the challenges humankind faces now and in the future. He argued in "The Elementary Forms of Religious Life" that society constitutes a higher intelligence because it transcends the individual over space and time. The results hold regardless of group size. [48], Besides, this scientific idea also aims to explore the causes affecting collective intelligence, such as group size, collaboration tools or group members' interpersonal skills. Abstract. Ants: their structure, development and behavior (Vol. Guide pratique du mentoring : développez l'intelligence collective. Consequently, benefiting . [94] In how far such training ultimately improves collective intelligence through social sensitivity remains an open question. "[36] Atlee and Pór state that "collective intelligence also involves achieving a single focus of attention and standard of metrics which provide an appropriate threshold of action". Groups were asked to undertake visual puzzle solving, collective brainstorming, moral decision-making, and bargaining for resources. CI, in turn, is most strongly predicted by group collaboration . Trouvé à l'intérieur – Page 177Par son travail incessant , son intelligence collective et sa bonne administration , cette secte a déjà transformé un immense désert sauvage en région fertile et hospitalière . ... Cette courte citation renferme DEUX MENSONGES . [15] Many theorists have interpreted Aristotle's statement in the Politics that "a feast to which many contribute is better than a dinner provided out of a single purse" to mean that just as many may bring different dishes to the table, so in a deliberation many may contribute different pieces of information to generate a better decision. [175] This reflects how powerful collective intelligence can be if left to develop. Peering succeeds because it encourages self-organization – a style of production that works more effectively than hierarchical management for certain tasks. Trouvé à l'intérieur – Page 158Innovation is often seen as a generative process from collective intelligence, but how does innovation emerges from the blending of accumulated knowledge, and from which path an innovation mostly inherit? A citation network can be seen ... Henry Jenkins (2002) in Flew, Terry and Humphreys, Sal (2005). Collective Intelligence, co-published by SAGE and the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), with the collaboration of Nesta, is a global, peer-reviewed, open-access journal that publishes trans-disciplinary work bearing on collective intelligence across the disciplines.The journal embraces a policy of creative rigor in the study of collective intelligence to facilitate the discovery of . He cites Durkheim as the most notable advocate of a "collective consciousness"[34] and Teilhard de Chardin as a thinker who has developed the philosophical implications of the group mind. Here the perception is the representation of sensory information that includes multi-typed interacting objects forming knowledge graphs." A typical problem in artificial intelligence (AI) research is to learn representations of objects that . It may be ".awarded for the collective performance of a unit or group that has resulted in accomplishments of a clearly superior nature and of significant benefit to the Intelligence Community". Online advertising companies are using collective intelligence to bypass traditional marketing and creative agencies. Collections & Archives Unique online and physical collections on specific subjects, in distinct formats, and in special archives. [123], Companies such as Affinnova (acquired by Nielsen), Google, InnoCentive, Marketocracy, and Threadless[124] have successfully employed the concept of collective intelligence in bringing about the next generation of technological changes through their research and development (R&D), customer service, and knowledge management. Results were then generalized between the two studies. . Collective intelligence occurs only when there is also an interaction or cross-fertilization between those participating in the task. Sélection de 60 citations et proverbes sur le thème collective. Collective intelligence strongly contributes to the shift of knowledge and power from the individual to the collective. Astera Institute - Cited by 66,564 - intelligence augmentation - collective intelligence - open science - quantum information - quantum computing Les maîtres mots : co-création, co-production, co-équipiers ! [52] RME is a ToM test for adults[52] that shows sufficient test-retest reliability[58] and constantly differentiates control groups from individuals with functional autism or Asperger Syndrome. Lee, Sang M., et al. [133] Collective intelligence as represented by Web 2.0 has less user engagement than collaborative intelligence. [146], Research performed by Tapscott and Williams has provided a few examples of the benefits of collective intelligence to business:[42], Cultural theorist and online community developer, John Banks considered the contribution of online fan communities in the creation of the Trainz product. [111], In this model, beings and information are modeled as abstract information molecules carrying expressions of mathematical logic. [134] Another art project using collective intelligence to produce artistic work is Curatron, where a large group of artists together decides on a smaller group that they think would make a good collaborative group. Give access. [11] Both Pierre Lévy (2007) and Henry Jenkins (2008) support the claim that collective intelligence is important for democratization, as it is interlinked with knowledge-based culture and sustained by collective idea sharing, and thus contributes to a better understanding of diverse society. Trouvé à l'intérieur – Page 59Sharing the citation were the Army Research Institute , the Navy Personnel Research and Development Center , and the ... This award recognizes the collective performance of the Intelligence and Electronic Warfare Directorate's civilian ... Through an analysis of the structure and rhetoric of immersive games, I explore how immersive aesthetics can generate a new sense of social agency in game players, and how collaborative play techniques can instruct real-world problem-solving. [32] Ant societies exhibit more intelligence, in terms of technology, than any other animal except for humans and co-operate in keeping livestock, for example aphids for "milking". Cet ouvrage propose une démarche d'analyse de l'intelligence des collectifs de travail, applicable à différents secteurs d'activité, industries, services, institutions sociales. Trouvé à l'intérieurBeyond the social forms ofsets, nets and groups is a class of entities that emerge from collective intelligence. ... systems such as those used by eBayand citation-tracking tools suchasthose used by Google Scholar (Segaran, 2007). With the help of collective intelligence applications such as online crowdsourcing, people across the globe are collaborating in developing solutions to climate change. This is because the elites fear that the collective intelligence would convince the people to rebel. All three had similar predictive power for c, but only social sensitivity was statistically significant (b=0.33, P=0.05). In a regression analysis using both individual intelligence of group members and c to predict performance on the criterion tasks, c had a significant effect, but average and maximum individual intelligence had not. Intentionality is the property of being about, directed at, or representing events, objects, properties and states of affairs. Citation: Ducrée J, Etzrodt M, Bartling S, Walshe R, Harrington T, Wittek N, Posth S, Wittek K, Ionita A, Prinz W, Kogias D, Paixão T, Peterfi I and Lawton J (2021) Unchaining Collective Intelligence for Science, Research, and Technology Development by Blockchain-Boosted Community Participation. Of special interest in this paper is the emerging type of team Moreover, they found a similar result for groups working together online communicating only via text and confirmed the role of female proportion and social sensitivity in causing collective intelligence in both cases. Citation: Society's collective . This gives rise to fundamental legal issues, highlighted by Lessig[148] and Bray and Konsynski,[149] such as intellectual property and property ownership rights. [124][125] An example of such application is Google's Project Aristotle in 2012, where the effect of collective intelligence on team makeup was examined in hundreds of the company's R&D teams. [46], Afterwards, a more complex task was solved by each group to determine whether c factor scores predict performance on tasks beyond the original test. Trouvé à l'intérieur – Page 232Ils ont créé des composantes majeures de nouveaux atouts pour l'intelligence collective et l'assistance aux métiers. Inspirons-nous de cette citation : De nos jours, le savoir médical – qui sous-entend l'aptitude à poser des diagnostics ... La citation la plus belle sur « intelligence collective » est : « Manager, c'est faire émerger l'intelligence collective. Trouvé à l'intérieur – Page 432128, 138, 292, 340 citation analysis.................................. 138f., 340 citation ... 287 Collective Intelligence .........164, 166-169, 177, 231, 363, 366, 417 critical mass............................................. 168 in ... Collective Intentionality. Atlee feels that collective intelligence can be encouraged "to overcome 'groupthink' and individual cognitive bias in order to allow a collective to cooperate on one process – while achieving enhanced intellectual performance." Yet tasks, hereby, refer to mental or intellectual tasks performed by small groups[12] even though the concept is hoped to be transferable to other performances and any groups or crowds reaching from families to companies and even whole cities. L, Lessig,(2006)Code Version 2.0 (2nd ed.). [145] Such vocabularies can be seen as a form of collective intelligence, emerging from the decentralised actions of a community of users. Noteworthy is also that the involved researchers among the confirming findings widely overlap with each other and with the authors participating in the original first study around Anita Woolley. [45], It is theorized that the collective intelligence factor c is an emergent property resulting from bottom-up as well as top-down processes. [176][177], Harsh critics of artificial intelligence on ethical grounds are likely to promote collective wisdom-building methods, such as the new tribalists and the Gaians. Collective Intelligence and Virtual Teams Despite the empirical evidence and utility of collective intelligence as an index of group-level competence, collective intelligence is a fairly new concept, and has only been explored in a limited range of settings. When considering performance on an individual level, researchers have found that “general intelligence” is associated with success as measured in a variety of ways. GROW: Using Artificial Intelligence to Screen Human Intelligence. Une Sélection de 2 citations et proverbes sur le thème Intelligence collective. It is argued that the obstacles created by individual cognitive limits and the difficulty of coordination can be overcome by using a collective mental map (CMM). He criticizes contemporary education for failing to incorporate online trends of collective problem solving into the classroom, stating "whereas a collective intelligence community encourages ownership of work as a group, schools grade individuals". In: Journal of Management Information Systems (2009), Volume: 26, Issue: 1, Publisher: M.E. In one significant study of serialized collective intelligence, it was found that the first vote contributed to a serialized voting system can distort the final result by 34%. Because of the possibilities of technology global co-operation is nowadays much easier and productive than before. A single person tends to make decisions motivated by self-preservation. [39] Maximizing collective intelligence relies on the ability of an organization to accept and develop "The Golden Suggestion", which is any potentially useful input from any member. Je regarde le monde à travers des lunettes merveilleuses que sont les langues, la langue française en particulier avec son . In this situation, opinions are gathered from the crowd regarding an idea, issue or product. The internet is widespread, therefore a globally integrated company has no geographical boundaries and may access new markets, ideas and technology.[42]. Collective intelligence can be predicted and quantified, new study finds. Situational awareness (SA) was defined as perception of environmental elements within the situation, comprehension, and projection of future status. ». Comment mutualiser les expériences pour permettre l'évolution des . [111] Thus, a non-Turing model of computation is used. Trouvé à l'intérieur – Page 394Computational Intelligence, 59(000), 1–24. ... Crowdsourcing collective emotional intelligence. ... Available at: http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2212452 Spiro, I., Taylor, G., Williams, G., & Bregler, C. (2010). [142][143][144] Although there is no central controlled vocabulary to constrain the actions of individual users, the distributions of tags that describe different resources has been shown to converge over time to a stable power law distributions. The collective intelligence of media fans", "Math Takes the Guessing Out of Artistic Collaboration", "Community creation taking place in Oxford", "CI-Art event at Oxford Riverside Gallery 'Nexus' opening", The Complex Dynamics of Collaborative Tagging, Emergence of consensus and shared vocabularies in collaborative tagging systems, "What happened when an A.I. MIT Press, Nov 13, 2015 - Business & Economics - 232 pages. According to Eric S. Raymond (1998) and JC Herz (2005), open source intelligence will eventually generate superior outcomes to knowledge generated by proprietary software developed within corporations (Flew 2008). Comment impliquer et fidéliser ses équipes? Its main predictors are social sensitivity, the distribution of conversational turn-taking, and the proportion of female group members. The collective intelligence score then is used to predict how this same group will perform on any other similar task in the future. In the end the overall costs from coordination might overwhelm other costs. Trouvé à l'intérieurNous prônons l'intelligence collective, le partage, l'entraide, et bien entendu la bienveillance. L'union fait la force, cette même force qui alimentera notre puissance créative et innovante dans l'ensemble de nos projets. 2 citations < Page 1/1 [166] The Indymedia organization does this in a more journalistic way. Consequently, an innovation space must favor creativity and sharing. Original Articles Cyber vigilantism, transmedia collective intelligence, and civic participation. Essentially, we try to get the average value of the estimates provided by the members in the crowd. In a 1962 research report, Douglas Engelbart linked collective intelligence to organizational effectiveness, and predicted that pro-actively 'augmenting human intellect' would yield a multiplier effect in group problem solving: "Three people working together in this augmented mode [would] seem to be more than three times as effective in solving a complex problem as is one augmented person working alone". [45] Since individuals' g factor scores are highly correlated with full-scale IQ scores, which are in turn regarded as good estimates of g,[13][14] this measurement of collective intelligence can also be seen as an intelligence indicator or quotient respectively for a group (Group-IQ) parallel to an individual's intelligence quotient (IQ) even though the score is not a quotient per se. Trouvé à l'intérieur – Page 119Les citations dans les groupes de discussions et les pages Web, les liens qui pointent vers un site, ... Mais le marché et la communauté scientifique ne sont évidemment pas les seules formes d'intelligence collective, il en existe bien ... Why the Many Are Smarter Than the Few', Weiss, A. Tasks were chosen from all four quadrants of the circumplex and included visual puzzles, brainstorming, making collective moral judgments, and negotiating over limited resources. As the Internet has developed so has the concept of CI as a shared public forum. Citations Intelligence collective Découvrez un dicton, une parole, un bon mot, un proverbe, une citation ou phrase Intelligence collective issus de livres, discours ou entretiens. [142] Once such stable distributions form, examining the correlations between different tags can be used to construct simple folksonomy graphs, which can be efficiently partitioned to obtained a form of community or shared vocabularies. Studies in Intelligence Format. The Power of Collective Intelligence. [12], Group members' social sensitivity was measured via the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test[52] (RME) and correlated .26 with c.[12] Hereby, participants are asked to detect thinking or feeling expressed in other peoples' eyes presented on pictures and assessed in a multiple choice format. Since Woolley et al. The password is written in the profiles and the accounts named "Shared Galaxy" are open to be used by anyone. On the basis of such evidence index funds became popular investment vehicles using the collective intelligence of the market, rather than the judgement of professional fund managers, as an investment strategy. Trouvé à l'intérieur – Page 119Une telle entreprise doit donc être un travail «d'intelligence collective» mené par des hommes capables de mobiliser toutes les ressources du. 21 Fosdick Raymond B., ... 177-178, ainsi que la citation suivante. 25 Ibid., p. A further application of collective intelligence is found in the "Community Engineering for Innovations". 420–424. If a similar border exists for Group-IQ or if advantages are linear and infinite, has still to be explored. The vision of artificial intelligence (AI) is often manifested through an autonomous software module (agent) in a complex and uncertain environment.
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