On the morning of March 26, 1862, a scouting party of Colorado Volunteers led by Chivington left Camp Lewis to locate the Texans. There was no further Confederate attempt to invade the western territories. Which one is written under more difficult conditions? [Refer to Map 1 to locate places mentioned in the following account of the battle.] Pecos National Historical Park This lesson plan is based on the National Register of Historic Places registration file, "Glorieta Battlefield" (with photographs),and other sources. Much of the land in and around the battlefield remains intact because of its isolation from cities and the nature of the terrain. That never stops between Red River and Union. Meanwhile, Pyron's Fifth Texas Regiment had left Santa Fe, following the Santa Fe Trail eastward, marching on Fort Union. Standard F - The student identifies and describes the influence of perception, attitudes, values, and beliefs on personal identity. The Santa Fe Trail was crucial to the Battle of Glorieta Pass. In 1862, Confederate general Henry Sibley planned to follow the Santa Fe Trail north from Texas, capture Fort Union in New Mexico Territory, and then march up the trail to invade Colorado. The Battle of Glorieta Pass was fought March 26–28, 1862 in the mountain pass west of Pecos Pueblo, along the route of the Old Santa Fe Trail. The Battle of Glorieta Pass: A Gettysburg in the West, March 26-28, 1862 [Edrington, Thomas S., Taylor, John] on Amazon.com. Sibley's Brigade approached Canby's Union forces near Fort Craig in south-central New Mexico. Hearing of the success of Major Chivington's command, and the object of our movement being successful, we fell back in order to our camp. The main objective behind this plan was to sieze the Union’s military supplies. As soon as all the details are ascertained I will send an official report of the engagement.¹. Do you think it is important to preserve the battlefield from any future development and change? After a 16-mile march through the mountains, the Union force led by Major Chivington had come upon the Confederate supply train at Johnson's Ranch. Standard B - The student analyze examples of conflict, cooperation, and interdependence among groups, societies, and nations. Fort Union National Monument Fort Union National Monument is a … Glorieta Pass is a valley in the foothills of New Mexico. For any of the battles students identified that are not commemorated by memorials or interpretive markers, have students write letters to local community officials to encourage them to commemorate this location. On Saturday, March 22, 1862, Colorado Militia Colonel John Potts Slough led his troops out of Fort Union to meet the Texan Confederate army that had seized Santa Fe twelve days earlier—the same day Slough and his Colorado Militia, or Pike’s Peakers, had arrived at Fort Union. 1. Who gives a better description of the land through which he marched, Hollister or Peticolas? Laid over today and waited for the 3rd Regt. Questions for Reading 3 Glorieta Pass is a mountain pass in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains of northern New Mexico. From Sharpshooter's Ridge they could fire down on the Union troops, so Slough ordered another retreat, setting up a third battle line a short distance east of Pigeon's Ranch. What are your immediate impressions of the terrain surrounding the ranch? The few Union troops retreated to Fort Union, destroying ammunition and supplies. The decisive battle of the Civil War in New Mexico was fought at the summit of Glorieta Pass on March 28, 1862. 3. Do you think either of the officers' evaluations of the outcome of the battle was written to impress a supervisor? Fort Union National Monument: An Administrative History explains the role of the fort before, during, and after the Civil War and is illustrated with historic photographs. On March 26th, Pyron advanced to Glorieta Pass on the trail and skirmished inconsequentially with Colorado infantry and regular U. S. Cavalry posted in Apache Canyon. This 1880 photo shows Pigeon's Ranch much the same as it probably appeared on March 28, 1862. Towards evening it came in and two or three hours after, an express from Major Pyron came in informing us that he had been attacked by a large body of Pike's Peak men during the day; that he had gotten the best of the engagement and had fallen back to wood and water, which he would hold till we came up to him. A monument at the center of Santa Fe honors the men who fought and died in the various Civil War battles in New Mexico Territory, including Valverde and Glorieta Pass. 3. Before the arrangement of my forces was completed the enemy opened fire upon us. A peaceful ranch, once a stage stop on the Santa Fe Trail, rests in a circular valley clasped by steep mountains. 5. 3. Two weeks later, General Sibley ordered his army to retreat from Santa Fe and relinquished control of Albuquerque. 1) one map showing the Southwest United States in 1862; Today, you can visit the battle site and see what really happened. Standard H - The student works independently and cooperatively to accomplish goals, Theme V: Individuals, Groups, and Institutions. The hill represents the landscape of the surrounding area. By March 25, the Union advance troops, under the command of Major John M. Chivington, set up Camp Lewis at Kozlowski's Stage Stop east of Glorieta Pass, a gap in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains. Texas and New Mexico officials quarreled over jurisdiction of the war casualties. Fort Union National Monument The First Colorado Volunteers traveled down the Santa Fe Trail to Fort Union, and then followed it west to Glorieta Pass, a gap in the Sangre de Cristo mountains. B. Peticolas (Albuquerque: Merit Press, 1993). In what ways were both soldiers' experiences similar? Here volunteers from Colorado clashed with tough Texans intent on conquering New Mexico. Confederate forces were en route to take Union-controlled Fort Union , and were fought to a standoff by militia raised in the Colorado Territory . Topics: This lesson can be used in American history, social studies, and geography courses in units on westward expansion and the Civil War. The Confederates then moved southward again to Albuquerque, only to find Edward Canby, recently promoted to brigadier general for the Union, outside the town with 1,200 men. What role did each of these stage stops play in the battles? A rather dramatic title which has received quite a lot of criticism over the years. Standard C - The student identifies and describes selected historical periods and patterns of change within and across cultures, such as the rise of civilizations, the development of transportation systems, the growth and breakdown of colonial systems, and others. The materials listed below either can be used directly on the computer or can be printed out, photocopied, and distributed to students. ¹ Don E. Alberts, ed., Rebels on the Rio Grande: The Civil War Journals of A. Why was the destruction of the Confederate supply train at Johnson's Ranch an insurmountable problem for the Confederate invasion? For more information, contact Pecos National Historical Park, P.O. Chivington reaches the edge of the mesa overlooking Johnson's Ranch. Standard 2A- The student understands how the resources of the Union and Confederacy affected the course of the war. The heart of the battle occurred within a two-mile stretch of the Santa Fe Trail. Chivington...with about 430 officers and picked men, with instructions to push forward to Johnson's. As cohesion, within and across groups geography the last shotbattle of glorieta pass in the foreground of the overlooking... During the long retreat from New Mexico, Neg free international trade facility this, were... 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