Instead, the committee decided, directors of national meteorological services should be called together and the committee dissolved. Work on the Berlin Draft continued and some commissions continued to be active, particularly those concerned with scientific matters, such as the Commission for Solar Radiation and the Commission for Terrestrial Magnetism and Atmospheric Electricity. The IMO Prize originates from the International Meteorological Organization, the predecessor to WMO. The Commission for Aeronautics (renamed in 1902 the Commission for Scientific Aeronautics) was established to co-ordinate investigations of the upper atmosphere carried out by means of balloons and kites and newly developed instruments such as the Assmann ventilated psychrometer. In particular, he considered it desirable that governments should have a greater influence on the work of the Organization, given the steadily increasing practical importance of meteorology. The coming expansion of civil aviation, with ever-longer flights over continents and oceans, was clear to all, and the need for aircraft reconnaissance flights and ocean weather ships was also recognized.During the next, momentous, phase of its development, IMO moved ahead under the leadership of Sir Nelson Johnson, Director of the British Meteorological Office, who became President in February 1946.The changed – and exciting – meteorological world which existed after the war was evident in the agenda for the Conference of Directors meeting which took place in Washington in September 1947. EC implements the decisions of Congress. But interest in the idea proved lukewarm. The fundamental question was as follows: should international co-operation in meteorology take place as an inter-governmental activity controlled by an International Meteorological Bureau whose decisions were binding on governments, or should it continue to be fostered by a non- governmental IMO?A classic solution to the problem was found: a compromise was agreed. In World Meteorological Organization …WMO was preceded by the International Meteorological Organization (IMO), a nongovernmental organization of the heads of various national weather services founded in 1873. In the interim, the work of the International Meteorological Committee continued – in particular by making sure the many resolutions and recommendations of the Washington meeting were implemented. IMO lay dormant. He was very much an advocate of an improved international status for meteorology and very keen that IMO be transformed into an inter-governmental agency. The existing structure of IMO was confirmed at the Copenhagen meeting – a Conference of Directors, an International Meteorological Committee, an Executive Council, Technical Commissions and a Secretariat. To him, this was a further reason why IMO should have inter-governmental status.At the Warsaw meeting, Dr Theodor Hesselberg of the Norwegian Meteorological Service succeeded Dr van Everdingen as President of the International Meteorological Committee. The IMO Prize is awarded annually. Much was achieved. These three drafts were then submitted to national meteorological services and their governments for perusal.Comments were considered at the Washington meeting of the Conference of Directors, along with four new drafts of the Convention, submitted by Canada, France, the United Kingdom and the United States. The need for a new edition of the International Cloud Atlas was recognized in the early 1920s and so, too, was the need for internationally-agreed definitions of technical meteorological terms, the latter requirement being met initially by adoption and expansion of the British Meteorological Office’s Meteorological Glossary, which had first appeared in 1916. Wild relinquished the Presidency in 1896 and was succeeded by Professor Éleuthère Mascart, who was both professor of physics at the Collège de France and director of the French Bureau Central Météorologique. This was published in Paris in 1896 and a more-definitive second edition appeared in 1910.The first of IMO’s permanent technical commissions was the Commission for Terrestrial Magnetism and Atmospheric Electricity (formed at the Munich conference in 1891). With the formation of these commissions, IMO’s tendency towards Euro-centricity was much reduced.
In essence, the terms of reference were to promote international co-operation in meteorology, encourage meteorological research and establish uniformity in operational practices, with particular respect to weather observing and reporting and the exchange and publication of data.The commitment of Wild and Scott to international meteorology is shown by the length of their service: Wild until 1896, Scott until 1900. The Munich conference accepted the cloud classification of Abercromby and Hildebrandsson – a classification which had evolved from the one originally proposed by Luke Howard – and approved plans to publish an International Cloud Atlas.
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