Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. The epicenter was monitored at 39.31 degrees north latitude and 118.04 degrees east longitude, with a … This earthquake occurred in the northeastern part of China, near the coast. [1] No deaths or injuries were reported. The main shock caused a 75-mile (120-km) subsurface rupture that extended bilaterally north-northeast and south-southwest of Tangshan; it also caused prominent surface faults to appear in the city. [3] Online footage showed minor damage to buildings and structures throughout the city. [1], Two aftershocks occurred within an hour of the first earthquake: a magnitude 2.2 aftershock at 7:02 a.m. and a magnitude 2.0 aftershock at 7:26 a.m.[1][4][13], The earthquake was caused by a geological fault in the region and was related to the 1976 Tangshan earthquake. The sequence of the 1976 Tangshan Earthquake included five major events: two of magnitude >Ms 7, and three between Ms 6 and Ms 7. At least 700,000 more people were injured, and property damage was extensive, reaching even to Beijing. [15], Intensity distribution map published by the, one of the deadliest recorded natural disasters in history, "Chinese city of Tangshan hit by magnitude 5.1 quake, stirring memories of 1976 tragedy", "Quake rattles Chinese city hit by massive 1976 disaster", "Quake Shakes Northeast Chinese City; No Injuries Reported", "Chapter 4: Report on the Tangshan Earthquake", "Geomorphologic Characteristics in the Beijing–Tianjin–Tangshan Area and Their Relation with Tectonic Activity", "Occurrence of the Tangshan Earthquake from the View of Fault Block Movement", "Earthquake Damage to Shafts and Roadways in Kailuan", "Tectonic evolution of the North China Block: from orogen to craton to orogen", "Distribution and Ground Failure Intensity Distribution of the Tangshan Earthquake", "5.1 magnitude earthquake jolts China's Hebei province", "China's Hebei speeds up quakeproofing of houses", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2020_Tangshan_earthquake&oldid=1007481252, Articles containing Chinese-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 18 February 2021, at 10:17. [14][2], Passenger rail services began to gradually resume regular service on the afternoon of 12 July 2020. Since few buildings were anchored to bedrock, the shaking and subsequent liquefaction of the soil destabilized and brought down most of the structures throughout the affected area. Corrections? Underlying all this is the ancient bedrock of different kinds of metamorphic rock (such as schist, gneiss, quartz, granulite, etc.) At 3:42 a.m., an earthquake measuring between 7.8 and 8.2 magnitude on the Richter scale flattens Tangshan, a Chinese industrial city with a population of about one million people. It caused 242,419 death, which is 3rd deadliest earthquake of all time. China's seismological authority put the magnitude at 5.1 and said it struck at a depth of 10km. At 3:42 a.m. on July 28, 1976, a magnitude 7.8 earthquake hit the sleeping city of Tangshan, in northeastern China. [1], According to the USGS, the maximum intensity was "Strong" (VI) on the Modified Mercalli intensity scale. George Pararas-Carayannis. The official death toll was 255,000, but many experts believe that the actual number of fatalities was two to three times that number, making it the most destructive earthquake in modern history. The epicenter was on Jixiang Road, Lunan District, Tangshan City, Hebei Province, China (Figure 1); geographic coordinates is 39.63°N 118.18°E. The main quake struck Tangshan at 3:42 am on July 28, 1976, and lasted approximately 23 seconds. The very large earthquake, striking an area where it was totally unexpected, obliterated the city of Tangshan and killed more than 240,000 people-making it the deadliest earthquake of the 20th century. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. [10]:20, The earthquake occurred at 6:38:25 a.m. on 12 July 2020 in Guye District of Tangshan city, Hebei province, China. The Tangshan earthquake was complex, with multiple events. [5]:77 This plain – the northeastern corner of the great North China Plain – is where sediments eroded from the Yanshan mountains to the north have filled in the ancient Sea of Bohai, with Tangshan near where the shore was about 4,000 years ago. The shaking, which lasted 14 to 16 seconds, transformed much of the region’s exceptionally deep sandy soil into a fluidlike mass (liquefaction). 2010-04-09 10:51:59 UTC 4.1 magnitude, 10 km depth Tangshan, Hebei, China 4.1 magnitude earthquake 2010-04-09 10:51:59 UTC at 10:51 April 09, 2010 UTC The Tangshan Fault is a strike-slip fault oriented in a north-northeasterly direction. The first struck at 3:42:56 in the morning (local time), approximately 12 km under the southern part of Tangshan. The magnitude 7.8 earthquake that struck Tangshan, China on July 28, 1976, killed at least 242,000 people (the official death count). Actual earthquake event: tangshan (china) earthquake - Date: July 28. [10]:3 Just north of Zunhua another orogenic belt, the east–west trending Yanshan mountain fault-fold belt (also known as the Yanshan seismic belt) marks the northern edge of the North China Craton (and of the alluvial plain). This has been explained so that the latter figure includes only urban residents in Tangshan, which was practically levelled to the ground. The 2020 Tangshan earthquake (Chinese: 2020年唐山地震; pinyin: 2020 Nián Tángshān Dìzhèn) was a magnitude 4.7-5.1 earthquake that hit Tangshan, Hebei, China on 12 July 2020, at 6:38 in the morning. China's seismological authority put the magnitude at 5.1 and said it struck at a depth of 10 kilometres (6 miles). The first earthquake, magnitude 7.5, was followed by a major aftershock 15 hours later. Sand blows, which expel wet sand from the ground, result from the increased weight brought on by slumping layers of soil upon layers of waterlogged sand below. Several other earthquakes struck the city during the late 1970s and…. Tangshan was previously struck by the magnitude 7.8 1976 Tangshan earthquake that caused at least 240,000 deaths in one of the deadliest recorded natural disasters in history. The very large earthquake, striking an area where it was totally unexpected, demolished the city of Tangshan and killed over 240,000 people - making it the deadliest earthquake of the twentieth century. However, that scale measures only the total energy released by an earthquake, and earthquakes vary in how much of that energy is converted to seismic shaking. The very large earthquake, striking an area where it was totally unexpected, obliterated the city of Tangshan and killed more than 240,000 people—making it the deadliest earthquake of the 20th century. [7]:27 Tangshan is located particularly over a northeast oriented syncline, a fold in the sedimentary strata that has brought massive deposits of coal close enough to the surface to be mined. The epicenter was centered about 140 kilometers southeast of Beijing, in the vicinity of Tangshan. Tangshan was destroyed by a 7.8 magnitude earthquake in 1976 that killed more than 240,000 people and injured over 160,000. China News Agency, Shijiazhuang, July 12 (Reporter Li Qian) At 6:38 on the 12th, a magnitude 5.1 earthquake occurred in Guye District, Tangshan City, Hebei Province, and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei earthquake felt obvious. The Great Tangshan Earthquake also rocked the seat of Chinese Communist Party power in Beijing — both literally and politically. Updates? Some observers place the actual toll as high as 700,000. [5]:84–85 To the south these sediments have formed a layer of weak soils as much as three kilometers thick. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. The quake took place at around 8:02 a.m. local time with tremors felt in parts of Beijing and Tianjin. It also triggered sand blows throughout the region, which silted wells and irrigation ditches. Tangshan earthquake of 1976, also called Great Tangshan Earthquake, earthquake on July 28, 1976, with a magnitude of 7.5, which nearly razed the Chinese coal-mining and industrial city of Tangshan, located about 68 miles (110 km) east of Beijing. Tangshan suffered an earthquake of magnitude 7.8 (7.5 according to official reports) at 3:42 am on July 28, 1976, which resulted in many casualties. At 3:42 a.m. on July 28, 1976, a magnitude 7.8 (on Richter scale) earthquake hit Tangshan, in northeastern China. Thursday marks the 40th anniversary of the catastrophic Tangshan earthquake in north China. Tangshan was previously struck by the magnitude 7.8 1976 Tangshan earthquake that caused at least 240,000 deaths in one of the deadliest recorded natural disasters in history. The main shock struck at 3:42 am. The Tangshan earthquake is regarded as the deadliest earthquake in the 20th century and one of the most deadliest in recorded history. [4], Rail services in the region were immediately suspended for safety checks. Some 242,000 people were officially reported as having been killed, though the death toll may have been higher. A 5.1-magnitude earthquake struck the northern Chinese city of Tangshan on Sunday, according to the Global Times, reviving memories of a devastating 1976 quake there that was the deadliest in modern times. The 20th century saw 273,400 people killed in the 1920 Haiyuan earthquake and a magnitude 8.6 earthquake in 1950, the largest recorded earthquake in China. It was geologically related to the 1976 Tangshan earthquake and caused minor damage in the region. Beijing and Tianjin felt quake. The focal depth was about 11 km. South of Tangshan, where liquefaction was the highest, the tremendous outpouring of sand caused significant damage to crops. [1][2][4], The tremors were felt in Hebei, Beijing, Tianjin and other places. The earthquake was one of the deadliest of the 20th Century. The 7.8-magnitude quake in Tangshan in 1976 was one of the deadliest quakes to ever jolt China, killing more than 240,000 people. At Tangshan and northward these sediments are thinner where the underlying strata crops out to form isolated hills. The inhabitants of the industrial city of Tangshan, China awoke 35 years ago today to find the earth beneath them rent by the shaking of a magnitude 7.5 earthquake. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). A 5.1-magnitude earthquake, which is believed to be an aftershock of the 7.8-manitude devastating earthquake in 1976, hit Tangshan, North China’s Hebei Province at 6:38 am Beijing time on Sunday, causing no casualty and no major damage so far. In the city of Tangshan the intensity reached X (extreme). 1990-06-07 08:29:04 UTC 3.8 magnitude, 13 km depth Datong, Shanxi Sheng, China 3.8 magnitude earthquake 1990-06-07 08:29:04 UTC at 08:29 June 07, 1990 UTC China Seismological Network officially determined that a magnitude 5.1 earthquake occurred at Guye District, Tangshan, Hebei (39.78 degrees north latitude, 118.44 degrees east longitude) at 6:38 on July 12, with a focal depth of 10 kilometers. This 5.1 magnitude earthquake is the largest earthquake that occurred within 200 kilometers around the epicenter in the … [5]:84[6]:88 This underlying strata is a thick (typically 10 km) layer of mainly sedimentary strata such as limestone and sandstone, with large deposits of coal. [1][2], Tangshan lies at the northern edge of the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan Plain, an alluvial plain that stretches from Beijing to the Sea of Bohai. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. This reached its height with the successful prediction … The death toll, thought to be one of the largest in recorded history, was officially reported as 242,000 persons, but it may have been as high as 655,000. [1] According to Xinhua in August 2020, Hebei's provincial-level rural home reconstruction program involving earthquake-proofing was expanded in earthquake-prone areas following the July 2020 earthquake. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, https://www.britannica.com/event/Tangshan-earthquake-of-1976. Tangshan earthquake of 1976, also called Great Tangshan Earthquake, earthquake on July 28, 1976, with a magnitude of 7.5, which nearly razed the Chinese coal-mining and industrial city of Tangshan, located about 68 miles (110 km) east of Beijing. The north China city of Tangshan was hit by a magnitude 5.1 earthquake on Sunday morning, stirring memories of the massive tremor that rocked … [1][2][4] The epicenter was monitored at 39.78 degrees north latitude and 118.44 degrees east longitude in the Guye District of Tangshan with a focal depth of 10 km (6 mi), roughly 180 km (112 mi) east of Beijing. On July 28, 1976, Tangshan, then a coal mining city of about one million people, was obliterated by a 7.8-magnitude quake and subsequent 7.1-magnitude aftershock about 15 hours later. The quake leveled almost every building and flooded the mines. The earthquake occurred along a previously unknown fault, now called the Tangshan Fault, in the Cangdong fault system near that system’s intersection with the Yin Shan–Yan Shan mountain belt. John P. Rafferty writes about Earth processes and the environment. Its epicentre was located in the southern part of the city of Tangshan, some 9 miles (15 km) above the earthquake’s focus, and shaking was felt more than 680 miles (1,100 km) away in all directions. There were two main shocks. The temblor reduced the unsuspecting settlement to rubble and, due to the early hour, killed many who were still asleep in their beds. Current observation and analysis show that the 5.1-magnitude earthquake that hit Guye district of Tangshan city on Sunday morning is an aftershock of the 7.8-magnitude quake that jolted Tangshan in 1976, and it's unlikely another quake of more than 5-magnitude will occur in the area in the short term, according to the China Earthquake Networks Center. It is also the location of over half of the destructive earthquakes in Hebei province,[11]:50 as under the plain several fault zones (oriented parallel to the Central Orogenic Belt) terminate against the Yanshan mountains. The Great Tangshan Earthquake also rocked the seat of Chinese Communist Party power in Beijing — both literally and politically. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. He serves currently as the editor of Earth and life sciences, covering climatology, geology, zoology, and other topics that relate to... Map depicting the intensity of shaking experienced during the Tangshan earthquake of July 28, 1976. This aftershock caused additional damage and casualties and hampered efforts to rescue people already trapped beneath rubble. In this area the overlying alluvium varies in thickness from several meters to around 600 m (2,000 ft).[8]:626. Later that same day, a major aftershock (magnitude 7.1) occurred in the city of Luanxian, some 43 miles (70 km) to the northeast. A magnitude-4.5 earthquake struck the Fengnan District of Tangshan City, north China's Hebei Province on Thursday morning, according to the China Earthquake Networks Center (CENC). Most of the fatalities resulted from the collapse of unreinforced masonry homes where people were sleeping. According to the National Earthquake Network Center, the earthquake happened at 10:22 a.m. (Courtesy of USGS NEIC (WDCS-D)) A 4.7 magnitude earthquake rocked Tangshan at … [1][2][4][12] The magnitude of the earthquake was Mw 5.1 according to the China Earthquake Administration (CEA) and Mw 4.8 according to the United States Geological Survey (USGS). Strong aftertremors continued for days. …was devastated by a giant earthquake. This earthquake called Great Tangshan Earthquake, earthquake on July 28, 1976, with a magnitude of 7.5. that form the Eastern Block of the North China Craton. Omissions? The magnitude 7.8 earthquake that struck Tangshan, China on July 28, 1976, killed at least 242,000 people (the official death count). CHINA - Tangshan Earthquake of July 28,1976. 1976 (China time zone) - Magnitude: 7.8 - Depth: 7.5 - Epicentre: 39.60°N 118.20°E / 39.60; 118.20 (Tangshan, Hebei, China) - Country or Region: People's republic of China - Casualties: 650,000 dead, 2nd deadliest earthquake in history. In 2008 the magnitude 7.9 2008 Sichuan earthquake killed 87,587 people. The Tangshan quake, be… [1][2][3] It was the strongest of the 17 earthquakes in the region over the preceding five years. Hundreds of thousands of people are feared dead following an 8.3 magnitude earthquake in China. The initial death count reported by the Chinese government put the casualties at 655,000, but this number was later reduced to around 240,000 to 255,000. Many of these faults are ancient, but have been reactivated by the force transmitted from the collision of the Indian Plate against the Eurasian Plate, [11]:50 making the Eastern Block unusually active seismically, accounting for six of the ten deadliest earthquakes in recorded history. [7]:27 This craton was formed approximately two billion years ago[a] by the collision of two major crustal blocks that left a belt of uplifted mountains – the Central (China) Orogenic Belt (COB) – that crosses China approximately southwest to northeast, passing just west and north of Beijing. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Sunday's tremor occurred at 6:38 am (2238 GMT), the USGS said, with … The stress of the Tangshan quake was caused by the compression along the plate bou… The quake either destroyed or severely damaged more than 85 percent of unreinforced houses, multistory buildings, and other structures in Tangshan. On Jul 28, 1976, Tangshan, then a coal mining city of … Tangshan was destroyed by a 7.8 magnitude earthquake in 1976 that killed more than 240,000 people and injured over 160,000. The tremendous outpouring of sand caused significant damage to crops. At 3:42 a.m. on July 28, 1976, a magnitude 7.8 earthquake hit the sleeping city of Tangshan, in northeastern China. Earthquake prediction was popular between 1966 and 1976, which overlapped with the Cultural Revolution. Some observers place the actual toll as high as 700,000. Then there were two aftershocks on the ground. The magnitude was initially estimated at around 8.1, subsequently recalculated to be 7.6 on the standard Mw scale. Introduction ... Several months later, on Nov 15, 1976, a magnitude 6.0 earthquake struck again the same region. Liquefaction, combined with the sudden emergence of surface faults, wrecked roads, rail lines, bridges, dams, wells, and other infrastructure. The earthquake also took a toll on infrastructure and agriculture. [1] The Tangshan Emergency Department said that "only some old buildings" had reported cracks from the earthquake. Approximately 3,650 square miles (9,500 square km) of the surrounding region endured earthquake intensities of VIII (severe) or above on the modified Mercalli scale. Tangshan,China Earthquake by jaysun collins. Also Tianjin City alone suffered about 24 000 casualties.At least 700,000 more p… Although the epicenter was located in the city of Tangshan, the earthquake was felt in fourteen provinces of China, and as far as Xian, in Beijing and in Tientsin. 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